Synthesis,characterization, and systematic studies of a novel aluminum selective chelating resin

A procedure is detailed for the selective analysis of trace aluminum by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with off-line column separation and preconcentration. Chelating resin was synthesized by covalent functionalization of Amberlite XAD-16 by 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole. The modified resin was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, and minimum energy run. The optimum sorption was at pH 9?±?0.1 with corresponding t _1/2 of only 7 min. Many competitive anions and cations studied did not interfere at all in the selective determination of Al(III), at the optimized conditions. The resin shows maximum sorption capacity of 21.58 mg g^?1 and can be regenerated up to 75 cycles without any discernible capacity loss. The Langmuir isotherm model provides the better correlation of the experimental data (r ²?=?0.999) in comparison to Freundlich isotherm model, while the Scatchard analysis revealed homogeneous binding sites in the chelating resin. Analytical figures of merit were evaluated by accuracy (standard reference materials and recovery experiment), precision (RSD <5 %), and detection limit (2.8 μg L^?1). The applicability was demonstrated by analysis of trace aluminum in biological, environmental, and food samples.     

猫儿山自然保护区生态受益者支付意愿及影响因素

利用问卷调查和条件估值法，以猫儿山自然保护区为例，基于保护区受益者视角，分析受益区居民对保护区的认知、支付意愿及其影响因素和支付方式，探讨自然保护区生态补偿机制的构建。结果表明：（1）受益区居民对猫儿山自然保护区基本情况不熟悉，但绝大多数受益者认同保护区与漓江中下游的水源密切相关。部分受访者不认同作为保护区生态效益受益者的身份；（2）8558%的受益者愿意为猫儿山自然保护区提供帮助，受益者的支付意愿为每户每年28789元，对受益者来说，保护区生态系统服务的经济价值为202×108元/a；（3）文化层次和家庭年收入与支付意愿的关系呈单调变化，职业的影响表现出企业员工的支付意愿最高，其次是教师，农民的支付意愿最低；（4）受益者支付意愿的方式偏好存在差异性，比起现金支付，受益者更倾向于通过参加环保公益活动和纳税的形式，支付保护区提供的生态效益。     

蔬菜与餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵启动阶段微生物分析

为了研究厌氧发酵启动阶段微生物菌群结构、数量变化情况与沼气产量的关系，分别对蔬菜废弃物和餐厨垃圾单一物料发酵进行分析，并测定pH值、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、氧化还原电位。结果表明，餐厨垃圾比蔬菜废弃物的启动时间长，但产气持久。蔬菜废弃物中细菌达峰值的时间早于餐厨垃圾，说明蔬菜废弃物中的有机质更利于微生物降解利用。两种原料中的微生物群落结构变化一致，启动阶段初期好氧和兼性厌氧细菌属优势菌，其中产酸菌增殖速率高于氨化细菌，是启动阶段降解有机质的主要菌群。随后厌氧细菌快速增殖，13增殖速率由不足20％增长到近100％并保持稳定。厌氧纤维素降解菌在启动阶段增殖较慢，原料中纤维素降解在厌氧发酵后期。原料液VFA中丁酸含量最多，最高浓度4．7mg／mL以上，占有机酸总量总量的46％以上，厌氧发酵类型为丁酸发酵型。     

Describing the annual cyclic behaviour of Be concentrations in surface air in Oceania

Surface air concentrations of ⁷Be at a number of stations in Oceania show a distinct annual cycle. We apply a sinusoidal model to describe this cycle. The results show that peak ⁷Be concentrations in surface air occur during early spring at tropical latitudes and during mid-to-late summer at middle latitudes. Comparison with available ⁹⁰Sr surface air data for the southern hemisphere indicates that stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange is an active atmospheric process controlling the ⁷Be annual cycle throughout the Oceania region. Vertical transport of air within the troposphere also seems to influence the observed annual cycle. Seasonality in rainfall is not thought to control the annual cyclic behaviour of ⁷Be in surface air.     

植草沟在城市面源污染控制系统的应用

暴雨径流造成的城市面源污染已引起广泛重视,为控制和削减进入受纳水体的径流污染负荷,各种技术措施得到发展,植草沟便是其中之一.植草沟是景观型地表沟渠排水系统,从植草沟定义、类型、设计计算、参数确定、运行维护及应用实例方面作了较详细介绍.植草沟在条件合适时可代替传统的雨水管道,具有很好的推广应用前景.     

Public perception of locally unwanted facilities in Hong Kong: implications for conflict resolution

This paper aims to investigate factors affecting public attitude towards the siting of locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) and to explore the possible strategies to resolve such conflicts. Three questionnaire surveys were undertaken in communities with different siting experiences and socio-economic profiles. Over 750 individuals were successfully interviewed in each study district. The three communities were found to share similar risk beliefs but show variations in the level of awareness of and response to LULUs. In communities with a disproportionate share of LULUs, many residents did not trust the government in handling LULU issues and thought that the siting process was unfair. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis show that people are likely to oppose the siting of a LULU in their community if they have a negative siting experience, do not perceive the need, accord a high risk to the facility and have a low level of trust in government. The resolution strategies preferred by the public are greater public participation and effective mitigation of risks and impacts, rather than provision of compensation and incentives. All these call for policy-makers to be sensitive to local concerns, engage the public in the process, communicate risks effectively and foster trust building.     

Flyash-based bricks: an environmental savior—a critical review

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The extraction of unsustainable natural resources like sand and topsoil for construction is disturbing ecological balance, affecting local...     

Correlation between PM concentrations and aerosol optical depth in eastern China

Using one year of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite and particular matter (PM) contents measured at eleven sites located mostly in the eastern China in 2007, the relationship between columnar AOD and hourly and daily average (DA) PM were established. The peak AOD observed from MODIS was generally consistent with the surface PM measurements in eastern China, where Zhengzhou had the maximum annual mean PM₁₀ of 182.1 μg m^?3, while Longfengshan had the minimum annual mean of 38.1 μg m^?3. Ground level observations indicated that PM concentration varies widely across different regions, which was mainly due to the difference in weather conditions and anthropogenic emissions. The coarse particles accounted for the main air pollution in Zhengzhou and Benxi whiles the fine particles, however, were the main constituents in other sites. Results showed that MODIS AOD (averaged over the box of 5 × 5 and 3 × 3 pixels) had a better positive correlation with the coincident hourly average (HA) PM concentration than with DA due to diurnal variation in PM mass measurements. After correcting AOD for relative humidity (RH), the correlation did not improve significantly, suggesting that the RH was not the main factor affecting the correlation of PM with AOD. The statistical regression analysis between MODIS AOD and PM mass suggested that the satellite-derived AOD is a useful tool for mapping PM distribution over large spatial domains.